In Arabic there are 3 parts of speech known as أقسام الكلام.
They are :-
1) اسم ( ism ) - noun
e.g. names of person, place, thing, animal and adjective
2) فعل ( fi'l ) - verbs
There are 3 types of verbs :-
* فعل ماض - past tense e.g. كتب he wrote
* فعل مضارع - present / future tense e.g. يكتب he writes
* فعل أمر - command / order e.g. اكتب write!
3) حرف ( harf ) - particle
e.g. في ( in ), على ( on ), من ( from ), إلى ( to )
In Arabic, a sentence is called جملة ( jumlah )
There are 2 types of sentences :-
1) الجملة الاسمية (aljumlah alismiyyah) - a nominal sentence.
This is a sentence that begins with an ism (a noun).
2) الجملة الفعلية (aljumlah alfi'liyyah) - a verbal sentence.
This is a sentence that begins with fi'l (a verb).
A phrase is called شبه الجملة (shibhul jumlah).
Every sentence in Arabic requires a subject and a predicate. The subject is what or whom the sentence is about and the predicate tells us something about the subject.
In Arabic the subject is called مبتدأ (mubtada). The subject tends to be definite and marfoo'.
The predicate is called خبر (khabar). The predicate tends to be indefinite and marfoo'.
